Medicinsk mikrobiologi og virologi

Hvordan forårsager mikroorganismer sygdomme som fødevareforgiftning, ebola, borreliose og rævebændelorm? Og hvordan udnyttes andre mikroorganismer som Saccharomyces, E. coli og probiotiske bakterier i madlavning, i produktion af øl og i kroppens tarmsystem?Mikrobiologi giver en god forståelse af de forskellige mikroorganismer, deres vækst, deres funktioner samt deres rolle i fødevareproduktion. Bogens første del indeholder en grundig gennemgang af den moderne systema- tiske bakteriologi, og derudover beskrives virus, svampe, protozoer og parasitter. Anden del af bogen giver en grundig indføring i fødevarernes produktion, mikro- biologiske risici samt konserveringsmetoder, og hvordan man kan arbejde med fødevaresikkerhed, så mikroorganismerne ikke udgør en sundhedsrisiko.Bogens målgrupper er studerende ved korte og mellemlange videregående uddannelser på det sundhedsfaglige, fødevareteknologiske, laboratorietekniske og procesteknologiske område samt mindre produktioner/virksomheder, der arbejder med mikrobiologi. Bogen kan også anvendes til temaundervisning i fx biologi eller bioteknologi i gymnasiet. Desuden kan den benyttes som opslagsværk for særligt mikrobiologiinteresserede. Endelig kan mindre fødevarevirksomheder have gavn af kapitlerne om hygiejne, egenkontrol og fødevaresikkerhed.Denne 5. udgave er ajourført og grundigt revideret. Der er blandt andet tilføjet afsnit om biofilm og tarmbakterier. Desuden er kapitlerne om fødevaresikkerhed blevet udvidet, således at de kan bruges som opslagsværk af fødevarevirksom- heder. Endelig er bogen blevet opdateret med et helt nyt layout.

Virus har sat dagsordenen i Jens Lundgrens arbejdsliv, lige siden han som helt ung læge stod ved sygesengen hos dødsmærkede aidspatienter og forskede i at finde en effektiv medicinsk mehandling til dem. Resultatet kan alverdens hiv-patienter takke ham for i dag.Siden coronapandemiens start har han knoklet for at hjælpe livstruede patienter og udvikle nye behandlinger med videnskabeligt dokumenteret effekt. Han har rådgivet de danske sundhedsmyndigheder og regeringen, og han har arbejdet tæt sammen med toppen af det amerikanske sundhedsvæsen under pandemigeneralen Anthony Fauci.I Vild virus giver han et unikt indblik i, hvad der sker bag kulisserne, når en virus truer os på livet og vender op og ned på vores hverdag. Bogen giver den første samlede beretning om de to vilde pandemiår: forskernes kapløb med tiden og en virus, der er en mester i at mutere, håndteringen af alle de udfordringer, virus pludselig kastede os ud i – og hvad vi har lært, så vi kan være bedre forberedte, når den næste virus udfordrer vores eksistens. For det vil ske: Pandemiernes tid er langtfra forbi.Bogen er blevet til i tæt samarbejde med Lars Igum Rasmussen, der som sundhedsredaktør på Politiken har dækket coronapandemien med mere end 200 nyhedsartikler, interviews, reportager og analyser.

A BBC RADIO 4 BOOK OF THE WEEKA TIMES SCIENCE BOOK OF THE YEARA SUNDAY TIMES SCIENCE BOOK OF THE YEAR'Powerfully argued... Fascinating and pacy' Sunday Times, Book of the Week'Superbly written... sure to please readers of Yuval Noah Harari or Rutger Bregman' The Times'Full of amazing facts' Observer'The book shines when it brings cutting-edge science to bear' Financial Times'A dizzying range of material' The Economist'A humbling story for humankind' SpectatorChallenges some of the greatest cliches about colonialism... A revelation' SATHNAM SANGHERA'Thrilling and eye-opening' LEWIS DARTNELL'Science and history at its best' MARK HONIGSBAUM'Unpicks everything we thought we knew... Mind blowing' CAL FLYNIn this revelatory book, Dr Jonathan Kennedy argues that germs have shaped humanity at every stage, from the first success of Homo sapiens over the equally intelligent Neanderthals to the fall of Rome and the rise of Islam.How did an Indonesian volcano help cause the Black Death, setting Europe on the road to capitalism? How could 168 men extract the largest ransom in history from an opposing army of eighty thousand? And why did the Industrial Revolution lead to the birth of the modern welfare state?The latest science reveals that infectious diseases are not just something that happens to us, but a fundamental part of who we are. Indeed, the only reason humans don't lay eggs is that a virus long ago inserted itself into our DNA, and there are as many bacteria in your body as there are human cells. We have been thinking about the survival of the fittest all wrong: evolution is not simply about human strength and intelligence, but about how we live and thrive in a world dominated by microbes.By exploring the startling intimacy of our relationship with infectious diseases, Kennedy shows how they have been responsible for some of the seismic revolutions of the past 50,000 years. Provocative and brimming with insight, Pathogenesis transforms our understanding of the human story, revealing how the crisis of a pandemic can offer vital opportunities for change.

Mikrobiologikortene hjælper dig med at huske information om de forskellige pensumrelevante humanpatogene mikroorganismer, når du skal læse til eksamen i mikrobiologi på medicinstudiet. Der er 163 kort, som du kan repetere alene eller med en læsemakker. Hver mikroorganisme er repræsenteret ved et kort, som i kondenseret form oplyser om karakteristika, infektioner, forekomst, smitteveje, diagnostik og forslag til behandling. Der medfølger desuden grendiagram-oversigter over de forskellige bakterier, virus, svampe og parasitter.

Resistente bakterier er blevet en større trussel langt hurtigere, end eksperterne hidtil har forudset det. Studier peger på, at resistente bakterier i 2050 vil tage livet af lige så mange mennesker som for eksempel kræftsygdomme.Da Alexander Fleming i 1928 opdagede antibiotika, revolutionerede det lægevidenskaben. Her små hundrede år efter er vi ved at sætte hele fremskridtet over styr. Ifølge professor i mikrobiologi Hans Jørn Kolmos er det nødvendigt med en anden tilgang til udviklingen og ikke mindst brugen af antibiotika i sundhedsvæsenet og landbruget, hvis vi i fremtiden vil undgå, at helt almindelige infektioner kan blive livstruende.Hans Jørn Kolmos (f. 1948) er professor på Syddansk Universitet og tidligere overlæge på Klinisk Mikrobiologisk Afdeling på Odense Universitetshospital, hvor han blandt andet har ledet forskningen i MRSA. Kolmos er vokset op på en stor gård ved Toftlund i Sønderjylland, og slægten har drevet landbrug i flere hundrede år.Moderne Ideer er støttet af Lundbeckfonden, Augustinus Fonden og Statens Kunstfond. I bøgerne gør førerende forskere deres viden tilgængelig og leverer deres bud på, hvordan vi løser tidens største udfordringer.

VACCINER ER VORES VENTakket være vacciner frygter vi i dag ikke sygdomme som kopper, mæslinger, stivkrampe eller børnelammelser. Det er en sundhedsrevolution.I denne bog følger vi de to erfarne overlæger og virologer Anders Lars Peter i en rejsevaccinationsklinik, og det går ikke stikke for sig. Du kommer sprøjtende igennem vaccineimmunitet og alle vaccinerne – fra de dræbte og de levende til de nye genetiske og alt derimellem – deres særlige historier, anvendelse (for og imod) samtid fortid og fremtid.Bogen er en hyldest til de videnskabelige triumfer der har formet vores sundhed gennem årtier. Et lille stik, det er ikke noget at være bange for.

La moria grandissima began its terrible journey across the European and Asian continents in 1347, leaving unimaginable devastation in its wake. Five years later, twenty-five million people were dead, felled by the scourge that would come to be called the Black Death. The Great Mortality is the extraordinary epic account of the worst natural disaster in European history -- a drama of courage, cowardice, misery, madness, and sacrifice that brilliantly illuminates humankind's darkest days when an old world ended and a new world was born.

This comprehensive volume covers all aspects from the historical discovery of the filarial parasite Loa loa to the latest diagnostics and therapies for all forms of pathology used at the point of care. Current developments in these areas are also highlighted. Expert authors present the epidemiological impact of loiasis and the basic mechanisms underlying the disease in native populations and nonresidents of endemic areas. In addition to particulars on the immunology of the parasite, its general and molecular biology, the clinical manifestation is also described in detail. Both common and atypical clinical manifestations are considered. This book concludes with an outlook on further research and targeted eradication of the disease.Loa loa, known as the "eye worm", is endemic in the rural populations of several African countries and is transmitted by rainforest deerflies. It displays impressive immune adaptation with a wide range of clinical symptoms that remain largely unexplored. The characteristics of this nematode make it of great interest to physicians and researchers specializing in infectious diseases, epidemiology, and immunology. In addition, students and family physicians working with African immigrants and travelers should know about this parasite.Loiasis is a prime example of a neglected disease under the conditions of international health efforts in our globalized world. The present work is intended to promote progress in this field, making it a valuable read within the scope of the UN Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-Being).

Carbohydrate Nutrition covers the nutritional functionality of foods needed to address the metabolic disease epidemic. The source and structure of carbohydrates, including starch, human milk oligosaccharides, polyols, arabinoxylan, beta-glucan, and cellulose are introduced, as is their function in the small intestine and colon. Nutrition researchers, food scientists, food chemists, and those studying and researching related topics will benefit from this book and can apply their learnings to the design of foods with better carbohydrate nutrition.

A pacy, real-life page-turner by Reuters journalist on the global 100-days mission to identify and catch the next virus outbreak, codenamed DISEASE X, before it spreads worldwide.

This volume explores in detail the molecular biology, genetics and immunology of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori that causes serious gastric diseases such as gastric cancer. The book provides in-depth insights into the mechanisms of H. pylori-induced pathogenicity, gives an overview of how the bacterium colonizes the human gut, how it manages to persist in the body and which factors play a role in the development of H. pylori-induced gastric cancer. Furthermore, the interaction between the Gram-negative bacterium and the human gut microbiome is explored, and clinical management and treatment strategies to combat gastric cancer are discussed.Helicobacter pylori is an extremely successful pathogen that persistently colonizes the gut of about 50% of the world¿s population. H. pylori and its human host share a long co-evolutionary relationship that dates back for at least last 100,000 years and possibly longer. Infection by thisbacterium is a high-risk factor for the development of gastric diseases, including gastric cancer. Gastric cancer is associated with high morbidity and mortality and represents the 5th most common malignant tumour and the 4th leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. H. pylori is the first bacterium that has been classified as a type-I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Recent research progress identified crucial bacterial, host and environmental factors which control H. pylori-induced gastric malignancy. New studies also suggest that specific human germline mutations and other genetic aberrations have an important impact on H. pylori-induced pathology. In this volume, all these recently discovered mechanisms are reviewed in the light of gastric cancer development, and H. pylori epidemiology, virulence factors, immune evasion, pathophysiology, cancer signalling and novel therapeutic protocols are presented. This volume is aimed at researchers in the fields of immunology, genetics, microbiology and medicine who are interested in the detailed mechanisms of the pathogenicity of this carcinogenic stomach bacterium.

This book will explore the knowledge of current diagnostic automation techniques applied in the field of clinical microbiology, tropical diseases, POCT, etc. There is no such type of book related to this topic. This book will help clinicians, microbiologists, and researchers to make diagnostic algorithms for infectious diseases and help them in early diagnosis. Automation in clinical microbiology has revolutionized routine practice in diagnostic cum research in medical microbiology. This book covers the recent updates and advances in diagnostic microbiology and provides new techniques related to Genomic, Proteomic, and metabolomics in microbiology. This book will intensely discuss the new and innovative automation techniques available for diagnosis in the microbiology laboratory. This book is more focused on automation techniques, which are used in the early detection of infectious diseases even caused by rare microorganisms. Furthermore, this book has complied with the chapters that provide insights to readers with comprehensive and usable knowledge on automation techniques in diagnostic microbiology.

This volume provides a comprehensive review of programmed cell death pathways and their fundamental role in antiviral host defense. The book deep-dives into the molecular functions and regulation of necroptosis and discusses how viruses induce and manipulate this potent innate cellular sensing system.Initially, understanding of necroptosis emerged from studies on tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling that showed the key role of receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) in the activation of receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) which then phosphorylates mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (MLKL) to execute cells via plasma membrane leakage of cytosolic contents. Since its discovery, multiple facets of the RIPK3-dependent necroptotic machinery have evolved where the requirements for execution of death varies depending on the stimulus.Virus-induced necroptosis was discovered over 10 years ago in studies on murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)where a virus-encoded inhibitor was shown to prevent the recruitment of RIPK3 (RIP3). This transformative evidence identified a novel pathway acting independent of TNF, interferon or RIPK1 that can stop virus from infecting its natural mouse host by killing off infected cells to halt replication. Over the past decade influenza A virus (IAV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and poxvirus vaccinia (VACV) have all been shown to trigger the pathway. Herpesviruses and poxviruses also encode inhibitors of caspase-8 whose elaboration unleashes the necroptosis pathway. IAV and other RNA viruses do not encode programmed cell death inhibitors. RIPK3 is also known to induce apoptosis by recruiting RIPK1 as shown nearly a decade ago and this dual apoptosis/necroptosis induction occurs naturally during influenza A virus infection. RIPK3 is also able to induce an inflammatory response independently of programmed cell death that can predominate to drive inflammatory disease outcomes. This volume is a must-read for researchers and advanced students in immunology and virology.

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic human pathogen that colonizes the mucosal surfaces. It is the causative agent of various serious acute and chronic infections. Recent prevalence of infectious diseases caused and expanded by hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (HA-MRSA), community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) and livestock-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (LA-MRSA). MRSA infections must be more serious problem in near future. It is presumed that offense and defense responses are continuously executed between S. aureus and host to establish and maintain commensalism for S. aureus. Therefore, it is essential to elucidate interplay between S. aureus and hosts to prevent staphylococcal infectious diseases. This book is comprised of content that focuses on this aspect.

This second edition provides state-of-the-art and novel methods on antibiotic isolation and purification, identification of antimicrobial killing mechanisms, as well as methods for the analysis and detection of microbial responses and adaptation strategies. Antibiotics: Methods and Protocols,  Second Edition, guides readers through updated and entirely new chapters on production and design, mode of action, and response and resistance. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Antibiotics: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to inspire scientific work in the exciting field of antibiotic research.

Infectious diseases play a vital role in the field of internal medicine, and understanding their importance is crucial for students pursuing a career in this field. In this subchapter, we will explore why infectious diseases are significant and how they impact the field of internal medicine.First and foremost, infectious diseases are essential to study because they are a significant cause of illness and mortality worldwide. From common infections like the flu to more severe diseases like tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, infectious diseases affect millions of people annually. By understanding the pathogens responsible for these diseases, medical professionals can develop effective prevention strategies, diagnostic tools, and treatment protocols. This knowledge is invaluable in managing and controlling infectious diseases, ultimately saving lives.Moreover, infectious diseases have a profound impact on public health. Outbreaks and epidemics can lead to a substantial burden on healthcare systems, affecting entire populations. By studying infectious diseases, students can learn about surveillance systems, outbreak investigations, and the implementation of control measures to prevent the spread of diseases within communities. This knowledge allows for efficient and timely responses to outbreaks, minimizing their impact on public health.Understanding infectious diseases is also essential in the context of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The misuse and overuse of antibiotics have led to the development of drug-resistant bacteria, making the treatment of infections more challenging. Students studying internal medicine need to be aware of this growing threat and learn about strategies to combat AMR. By promoting proper antibiotic stewardship, medical professionals can help slow down the emergence of drug-resistant infections and preserve the efficacy of available antimicrobial agents.In addition to their clinical significance, infectious diseases have a social and economic impact. Outbreaks can disrupt economies, strain healthcare systems, and cause fear and panic among populations. By studying infectious diseases, students can understand the social determinants of health, the cultural aspects influencing disease transmission, and the importance of effective communication in managing outbreaks. This knowledge can help medical professionals address the broader implications of infectious diseases and work towards building resilient and responsive healthcare systems.

This book explores the medical importance of Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. (ESKAPE) pathogens, and the challenges posed by antibiotic resistance. It covers the antibiotic resistance profile and detection of ESKAPE pathogens, as well as the mechanistic understanding of antibiotic resistance in these pathogens. The book discusses standard microbiological techniques, including staining, morphological and cultural characteristics, biochemical properties, and serotyping, as well as nucleic acid amplification and molecular diagnostic techniques for the detection of ESKAPE pathogens. In addition, the book explores biochemical, molecular, and computational techniques for the determination of virulence factors of ESKAPE pathogens. It also examines the synthesis, structure, function, and inhibitors of virulence factors and biofilm componentsin these pathogens. The book explores various strategies for combating ESKAPE pathogens, including antibiotic adjuvants and their synergistic activity, phytochemicals as potential antibacterial agents, photodynamic therapy, antimicrobial peptides and antibacterial antibodies, antimicrobial activity of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites, and bacteriophage therapy. Finally, the book discusses in silico and computational approaches for the inhibition of ESKAPE pathogens. This comprehensive book is of interest to researchers, students, and healthcare professionals interested in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of ESKAPE pathogens.

This book, Gut microbiome and Brain Ageing, deals with the mechanisms and phenomenon that relates gut microbiome and aging of the brain. This book will bring forth the connection between good gut and brain aging and includes some cutting edge research topics dealing with gut physiology and its importance as future therapeutic option in neurological disorders. The gut microbiome's impact on neuronal function, mediated by neurotransmitters, vitamins, and neuroactive microbial metabolites, is an exciting area of investigation that this book thoroughly explores. It also covers the pivotal role of the gut microbiome in the etiology of various neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer¿s disease (AD), Parkinson¿s disease (PD), depression, or multiple sclerosis (MS). It also explores the expanding understanding of the importance of the early-life gut microbiota and its implications for long-term health consequences. This book primarily addresses researchers, clinicians, and doctoral andgraduate students working in biomedicine, neurobiology, nutrition, microbiology, and translational medicine streams.